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为大家聊聊雅思考试那些事儿~
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Trust me, it's gonna be a mind-blower!
准备好,本文会颠覆你对雅思考试的认知!
No.1
Vocabulary: significant premise or not?
词汇:是重要的备考前提吗?
I cannot tell you vocabulary is not important in IELTS. After all, it's an applied linguistic test, so vocabulary is the basic of the basics. But what I can definitely tell you is, starting your preparation with memorizing vocabulary is not a wise choice.我不能告诉你单词量在雅思考试中不重要。毕竟,这是一个语言应用考试,词汇是基础中的基础。但我可以笃定地告诉你的是,从背单词开始你的备考之路并不是一个明智的选择。
First of all, many of the words you memorized are actually quite useless, aka, they wouldn't appear in the test. It really depends on the quality of the vocabulary books. Secondly, even if you did cover all the valuable words, after not using them for a while, they will become blurred in your mind. So it's a waste of time and energy.首先,你背的很多单词很可能其实并没有多大用,都不会在考试里出现。这和单词书的质量有很大关系。其次,就算真的把所有应试词汇都背下来了,一段时间没有使用,它们也会在记忆里变得模糊。所以这往往是事倍功半。
And even if you can remember most of them, you'll still find that you cannot swiftly identify these words while listening, cannot figure out their actual meaning in the context while reading, cannot use them fluently while speaking, and most certainly cannot get a higher mark even if you fit them all into your writing task.更何况,即使你考试的时候还记得大部分单词书里的单词,你仍会发现自己在听力里不能迅速捕捉这些词,在阅读语境里不能准确理解这些词,在口语考试时不能流利使用这些词,在作文里,往往就算是把这些高级词汇使了个遍,也拿不到多少分。
Why? BecauseIELTS is a highly skill-oriented exam, it is designed to test whether your English skills can well support your daily communication with your friends, classmate, professor, tutor, supervisor, shopkeeper, etc.So to pass this exam, it's not about how much you know about English, but how well you can use English as a tool to socialize and deliver your thoughts.为什么?因为雅思考试本身是一个非常注重能力的考试,原先就是被设计来考察考生的英语水平是否能支持他们在英语语言环境中与他们的朋友、同学、教授、上司、商店店主等等自如交流。所以要想应对这门考试,关键不在于你知道多少英语,而在于你能多大程度上熟练使用英语,将其作为日常交际和表达思想的工具。
And that leads to my third point, even if you don't know many words and expressions, as long as you get command of some crucial test skills, it's very likely for you to achieve a high score in IELTS.于是我想说的第三点就来了:就算你不知道很多单词和表达法,只要你能掌握一些重要的考试技巧,也能够在雅思考试中拿到高分。
To sum up, don't start preparing IELTS with vocabulary,always start with getting your hands on the real test papers and skill guidance from online classes. If you really want to expand vocabulary, from my own GRE preparation experience,the only effective way is to memorize a fixed amount of words at a fixed time everyday and make it a habit.总之,不要从背单词开始准备雅思考试。永远是从真正做题开始备考。如果你真的想要扩大自己的词汇量,从我备考GRE的经验而言,唯一有效的方法是每天定时定量地背单词,养成习惯.。
No.2
Grammar: worth exploring or not?
语法:值得下力气恶补吗?
Actually, many commonly-mentioned test skills have its basis on grammar, and this is always ignored by trainers. So, if you find yourself well aware of the skills dealing with various kinds of questions, but just cannot solve them correctly or efficiently, it's probably because your grammar needs improving.实际上,许多常见的雅思考试技巧都是以语法为前提的,所以如果你发现自己明明清楚许多类型题目的解题技巧但就是没法正确或高效地解决它们,也许正是因为你的语法需要提升。
For example, in listening task, trainers will tell you to pay attention to"Synonym Replacement"of the keyword. So you would go memorizing many pairs of synonyms. But when you actually get down to listening, you will find yourself losing point often because identifying the wrong keyword for replacement, or the keyword appears way ahead the target blank so you didn't notice what it actually was. Then your trainer will tell you toform the habit of "prediction". But how? This is where a good comprehension of the how a sentence can be structured and subordinate clauses can be organized plays its trick. And that, my friend, is called grammar.例如,在听力里,老师们会告诉你要注意关键词的“同义替换”。于是你会去背很多组同义替换的单词。但你真正做听力的时候,会发现自己依然由于定位错了关键词,或者关键词在题空之前很多出现被漏听而失分。于是老师又会告诉你要养成“预测”关键词出现的习惯。但如何预测呢?这就是对句子结构和从句位置深入理解发挥作用的时候了,换言之,即语法知识。
Also, when doing reading test, have you ever wasted a lot of time on figuring out the meaning of a hell-long sentence? Sometimes you can't even avoid it because it's related to a question. You know every single word in the sentence, but because of its over-complicated structure, the nuanced meanings behind it will cost you a lot of scores.还有,做阅读的时候,你是否曾经浪费很多时间在搞清楚一个很长的句子的意思上?有时你甚至不能跳过这个句子,因为它对应着一道题目。你知道这句子里的每个单词,但因为它过于复杂的结构,其中细微的意思差别可能就导致你失分不少。
I don't even need to mention the awkward moment when you know you want to say something in speaking task, and you have memorized the key expressions for it, but you just can't finish the sentence without several pauses or self-corrections. And the reason why you are always in a rush during writing task and find yourself constantly erasing what had been written down because what you are going to write next in this sentence does not harmonize with it?我甚至不需要提到那些无比尴尬的时刻,比如你在口语考试中知道自己想说什么,也记得关键的表达法,但就是不能不打磕巴或者反复自我纠正地说下一句完整的句子。还有在写作时你总是时间紧张,却不断修改之前写下的内容,因为你之后要写的和之前句子的内容不能一次性连贯协调。
All because of grammar problems!这些其实都是因为语法问题!A good grammar will guarantee you unhindered comprehension as well as fluent expression both in oral and in written English. So please spare enough time on grammar practice. Reading grammar books won't do the job.You have to do grammar tasks, like passage correction or bilingual translation. The more, the better.一个好的语法知识体系可以为你保证口语与书面英语中顺畅的理解和流利的表达。所以请在语法练习上花足够的时间。只是读语法书是没用的。你必须做语法题去练习,比如做短文改错或者汉英-英汉翻译练习,越多越好。
No.3
Samples: necessary or not?
模板:到底要不要用?
Indeed, copying from samples is not favorable in IELTS, and most of the time will seem disharmonious in your essay or sounds obviously not your true color in speaking task.However, if you have a little ambition and would like to score over 7 in speaking task or more than 6 in writing, samples can be your good friends – just not the way you normally utilize it.的确,借鉴模板的行为在雅思考试中不被看好。而且多数时候会在你的作文里看起来格格不入,或者在你的口语中听起来不是你自己的言语。但我想说的是,如果你有一点点小野心,想要口语上7或者写作突破6分,模板或许会是你的好帮手——只是与你通常使用它们的方式有所不同。
In each of the four grading standards of speaking and writing tasks, one common standard plays a critical role: lexical resource, which basically means, smart usage of words, expressions and beautiful sentences.在口语和写作的四项评分标准中,有一个共同的标准起到关键性的作用:语言丰富度,即巧妙地使用单词、表达法和优美的句子。
And to enhance your lexical resource, memorizing well-written paragraphs or sophisticated conversations is a must. After reciting these good examples for a while, you will find yourself with: first, various ways to express a same point; second, simpler and more direct words to express an argument which used to cost you 3-4 sentences to make it clear; and third, more felicitous description of your inner feeling about many things.想要提升你的语言丰富度,记忆写得很好的语段或者漂亮的对话是一个必要条件。坚持背诵这些好的范例一段时间以后,你会发现自己:第一,表达同一个意思有了不止一种方法;第二,原来需要3到4句话讲明白的论点,现在可以用更简单和直接的词汇去清晰表达;第三,在表达对许多事物的内在感受时,有了更贴切的形容与描绘。
It is also true that as soon as you try to deliberately recite them in task, you will be doomed as heck. Whenever I try to find a balance for using samples, I would recall a classic scene in Yi Tian Tu Long Ji, in which the male protagonist Zhang Wuji was facing a kick-ass enemy and needed to learn a brand-new set of swordsmanship called Taiji Jian. His master taught him move by move, and weirdly, asked him how much he had forgotten the moves already. When Zhang Wuji said he had completely forgotten the swordsmanship, his master said he was ready to face his enemy.It's because only when you don't apply what you have learned in a fixed mode and try to perform every move “right”, will you use these moves in a way that is “good”.不过的确,一旦你开始试着在考试中背诵模板,你就完蛋了。每当我在使用模板时寻求平衡时,都会想起倚天屠龙记里的经典一幕。主人公张无忌对战一个剑术高手,他的师父现场一招一式传授他太极剑。反常的是,每教几招就会问张无忌忘了多少。当张无忌说他把招式全部忘了的时候,师父告诉他,他已经准备好迎战了。当你不去以固定的模式使用所学的东西,不去关注如何“用对“的时候,才是你开始将它们“用好”的时候。
(电视剧“倚天屠龙记”中 苏有朋版张无忌)
No.4
Logic: important or not?
逻辑:重要不重要?
Actually, after talking about grammar and lexical resource, the other two remaining judging criteria for IELTS writing are TR, Task Response and CC, Coherence and Cohesion, both related to logic. To be clear, TR examines through how relevant your argument is to the given topic and the question specifically asked about it, while CC is meant to test the quality of your logic linkage, i.e., whether or not you can organize an argument in a way that is both comprehensible by normal people and convincing even for your opponent.其实讲过了语法和语言丰富度,其余两个雅思写作的评分标准:TR和CC都与逻辑有关。明确来说,TR是考察你的论点与所给话题和根据话题设计的问题相关程度,CC是为了考察你的逻辑的完整程度,也就是说,你是否能有条理组织你的论证,使其能被一般人所理解,甚至对于和你持相反观点的人而言具有一定说服力。
A simple way to self-check your logic is to read your essay right after you finished it, and see if the two adjacent sentences actually means the same.A common mistake made by band 5.5 students are that their lexical resource is too fine that they just use different expressions for the same meaning and merely being repetitive in making an assertion without getting down to prove it. And another very common mistake is the example you give is not talking about the same thing as the first sentence of the paragraph given as your line of argument.一个检查逻辑优劣的简单方式是写完作文后立刻再读一遍,看你的相邻句子是否说的其实是一回事。写作5.5分同学们经常出现的问题是他们的语言丰富度太好以至于只是在用不同的表达法说同一个东西,而且只是在讲观点,却没有开始扎实地论证。另一个常见逻辑问题是段落中给出的例子与首句想说的观点其实并不是一回事。
Agood logic can also help with your reading. For example, in the True/False/Not Given questions, many people have difficulty distinguishing what's false and what's not given. That's because they overlooked the nuance between “no prove” and “disprove”. And in speaking, many people just randomly throw their opinions at the examiner, leaving the examiner to figure out their argument by themselves. When they receive a low score, they complain that their idea is perfect, their argument is correct, and they often blame it on their pronunciation or the examiner's discrimination. In fact, if you put their speech into text, and reorganize the same sentences into a more structured one, their speaking score is likely to rise as much as 1 point. That's why there are always people try to recite already organized speeches, but most certainly, they fail.一个好的逻辑同样可以帮助你的阅读提分。例如在True/False/Not Given题型中,不少同学区分“错误”和“未提及”存在困难。这是因为他们忽视了“无法证明”和“证明为假”两种逻辑的细微差别。还有在口语考试中,许多人只是随意地向考官提出自己的看法,让考官自己去理清他们的思路和论点。当他们得分并不理想的时候,抱怨自己的想法没毛病,论点也正确,经常怪的是自己发音不好,或者考官故意压分。事实上,如果把他们说的话写成文字并重新组织,他们的口语分数可以上涨整整1分。这就是为什么总是有人尝试背诵整段或整篇的模板,因为这样逻辑会更顺畅,只是不幸常常以失败告终。The essence is, have better logic.You could improve your logic by joining in English debating, that's the way I do it, or you could consult teachers who are good at academic writing, asking them to help you analyze the logical linkage sentence by sentence in sophisticated academic papers or sample essays.关键在于,提升逻辑思维能力。你可以像我一样通过参加英语辩论,或者去咨询擅长学术写作的老师,让他们帮你逐句分析好的学术文章或范文里句子的逻辑关系。
NOTES:Let's have a little recap of our five our classic misconceptions and their correct answers:复习一下:Resource: online or offline? Online.资料选择线上还是线下? 选择线上。Vocabulary:significant premise or not? Nope.背单词是开始复习雅思的前提吗?并不。Grammar: worth exploring or not? Very well worth it!语法值得我们花精力去着重复习吗?相当值得。Samples: necessary or not? Quite necessary.模板要背吗?还是很有必要的。Logic: important or not? Definitely important.逻辑重要吗?很重要。
本期主播:
王雪枫
电视学院 2016级广播电视学(国际新闻传播方向),中国传媒大学官微主编,广播台ICQ Station英文主播,官微英文音频部部长。
优美的发音都是出自刻苦的练习。英语从来没有什么“快乐学习”之路,只有掌握合适的方法,学得比别人“快”,才能在其中获得“乐”。
▍往期官微英语音频部节目精彩回顾:(点击可收听)
被@乾隆 点赞后,第二期全英文节目来了!
传传的秘诀!成为精致猪猪girl&boy的最后一步是……
重磅 | 中传英文版《奇葩说》上线,来pick你喜欢的辩手吧~
【甜蜜歌词翻译手册】希望这条推送能被周杰伦收藏!
传传陪你过大年丨快来pick你心水的贺岁片吧~ヾ(・∀・`*)
被「精读英文外刊」刷屏?理工科小姐姐带你精读六级真题!
喜欢TA多久才能表白?大一国新小姐姐这样说~
值得听|大一国新男孩带你回忆爆款动画片ヽ(•ᴗ• )ゝ
从中传走向世界各地的交换生们,他们后来怎么样了?
【一带一路】来看看国际CUCers的故事
听完国新学子的英文演讲,我默默打开了英语书.......
在线吃播|探秘CUC四川风味宝藏美食(。•﹃•。)
这是一份来自中传校医院中医科大夫的提醒!超甜英文vlog,带你解锁中传校史馆的黑科技!
国新的周末都在干嘛?学霸vlog,我真的怕了.....
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来源:经济参考报
受制于自然环境恶劣、经济发展基础相对薄弱,西藏医疗信息化建设起步较晚。记者日前从西藏自治区卫生健康委员会了解到,目前,西藏正在加快建设“健康西藏”平台,升级改造各级医院基础设施,未来可在地市级医院实现远程挂号、查询,在县级医院完善出诊信息查询等功能,方便居住偏远的农牧民群众就医。图为在西藏自治区人民医院中医科门诊,医师王妍(左)在为首位
由新华通讯社指导,新华社《经济参考报》主办、新华社民族品牌工程办公室特别支持的“2019健康中国与中医药发展高层研讨会”,1月10日在北京举行。该研讨会至今举办三届,本届会议主题为“中医药传承与现代化”。多位院士、国医大师等专家以及中医药企业代表在研讨中均强调指出,中医药现代化过程中,必须坚守中医思维,坚守以中医理论为指导,同时坚守以疗效为根本衡量标准,以开放包容的心态,有效吸收现代科技发展最新成果为我所用。
坚持中医理论以疗效为标准
“在人类医学史上,中医药学从未得到当今这样重视;在世界医学领域,中医药学已经成为唯一跟西医比肩的第二大医学体系;她解决了很多西医解决不了的难题,已经显示出不可替代性; 她必将成为未来医学即整合医学发展的主要贡献者。中医药学研究要保持医学的人文属性,坚持中医的基本理论,改革传统的研究方法,以疗效为标准,从微观到宏观,变不治为可治,从配角到主角。只有这样,中医药学才能在继承中高速高效发展,以自己崭新的面貌为健康中国乃至健康世界做出重大贡献。”在演讲中,中国工程院院士樊代明这样表示。
国医大师孙光荣则强调指出:“《黄帝内经》、《伤寒论》等中医经典著作以及历代中医名家的学术经验,是中医药学发展的根本。中医药的传承和现代化,一定要守住中医思维这一根本,要遵从天人合一的整体思维,通过六步辨证程序来看病,守住疗效这一中医的生命力,加强优势病种研究,加强中医药学教育与传播,绝不可‘以西律中’。”
什么是“以西律中”?孙光荣在演讲中指出,中医治病讲究因人、因时、因地制宜,这是中医的优势和特色。中医临床研究是千变万化的,不是一成不变的,更不是有病了终生服药。“以不切实际的刻板规范、标准来框定中医,套用和模仿西医的规范标准制定所谓的中医规范和标准,就是‘以西律中’。”
中医与现代科技结合
开放包容求发展
中国工程院院士、天津中医药大学校长张伯礼表示,中医药是健康中国建设进程中必不可少的重要力量。中医思维与西医技术有序结合就是未来医学发展的方向,将中医药原创思维加现代科技就可以得出原创成果,中医临床高级别的循证评价结果和中药质量是行业短板和技术瓶颈,也是未来中医药传承创新重要的发力点。
近年来,西方发达国家抢滩中医药知识产权、标准、产业和市场。“大数据、云计算、物联网、人工智能等新技术与中医药的深度融合,为其跨越发展带来了弯道超车的历史性机遇。”张伯礼建议,“从中医药关键技术装备入手,通过国家科技重大专项,显著提升中医药科技创新能力,为健康中国提供战略支撑。”
事实上,现代科技与中医药这一传统文化精髓的有机融合,已开始开花结果并获得国际社会承认。年已九旬的中国科学院院士韩济生在发表主题演讲时称,目前借助现代研究方法,已经能够向国际社会证明针麻镇痛的疗效以及作用机理机制等。针刺、经皮穴位电刺激等神经调控方法,在阿片成瘾等治疗上疗效明显。针刺转化医学要紧密围绕民生需求,突出中国传统医学特色,针刺临床验证,尽力做到精准,自主研发,服务社会。
“对于中药而言,同样的种子,不同的种植条件,不同的采集时间、加工炮制方法、仓储运输方式等,就不是同样的药材了;现在不少配方中的犀牛角、牛黄等,都不是天然的而是人工的。在这种情况下,如何保证中药的疗效,需要加大研究。这些做好了,就可能是未来中医药现代化的创新点。”孙光荣表示。
“唯成分论很难评价中药的疗效。”中国中医药科学院中药研究所研究员、中华中医药学会中药大品种联盟秘书长杨洪军说,“应建立起和功效相关联的质量控制体系,借助大数据、人工智能、影像采集、传感器等技术,把传统的中药用现代医学来表征,这样传统中药在现代化方面就得到了延伸和扩展。”
中药二次开发和大品种培育
成产业发力点
“中国的方剂有10万个,复方治疗一直是中医药的优势。既然中医原创思维+现代科技就可以产生原创成果,那么,中药二次开发和大品种培育,就将是未来中医药产业的重要发力点。”张伯礼表示。
“传统的制剂要处理好和现代工业制造之间的关系,一方面应该加大对经典名方的开发力度,用精品中成药传承中医药;另一方面要加大新制剂研发,结合临床需求,在古方及经验时方的基础上,加入自己的临床实践,按照现代中药发展的要求,研发出临床疗效认可的新制剂,这是一类非常有前景的创新模式。”杨洪军表示。
“组方、传统处方仍然是当今中医药维护疗效、发挥特色专长治病的重要武器。依据中医的‘理法方药’理论,在挖掘经典的基础上开发新药,在不改变它的内核、原理的基础上,在标准化和均一化方面对每一批药品进行含量检测,这种创新是非常有前途的。”奇正藏药董事长雷菊芳认为。
扬子江药业集团董事长徐镜人表示,加强中医药发展是民族的使命、科学的担当和时代的命题。中医药现代化、国际化的创新研究已经成为扬子江药业的主攻方向。我们将始终坚持实体经济,专注发展中医药产业,以振兴民族医药产业为己任,充分挖掘中医药在“治未病”方面的优势,实现大健康全产业链联动发展,创中医药文化清辉,助力中华民族伟大复兴做出更大贡献。
据了解,作为其在中药现代化方面的重要尝试,目前扬子江药业正全力打造中医药产业园“龙凤堂”。龙凤堂拥有一套全自动化智能中药物流系统,致力于药材自动化前处理—智能投料—原辅料、成品无人输送—机器人码垛—自动控温立体高架库储存等技术攻坚。龙凤堂一改传统中药生产能耗大、标准不可控等弊端,进一步改革传统中药生产工艺,使生产更智能化、精准化、精益化,登上全球中药现代化新高地。(记者 李保金 王奇 黄可欣)
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